The Ordinary's Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution exfoliates and tones with 7% glycolic acid, amino acids, aloe vera, ginseng, and tasmanian pepperberry. This derivative is of plant origin and varies in color seasonally and this color variation may be apparent in the formula from time to time. Glycolic Acid has a pKa of 3.6 and pKa is the most important aspect to consider in formulating with acids. pKa implies acid availability. When pKa is close to pH, there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity, maximizing effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation. Higher pH numbers in such a case would increase salt which counter-intuitively would make the formula even more irritating than if the formula was more acidic.Benefits:Glycolic Acid - an alpha hydroxyl acid that exfoliates the skinTasmanian Pepperberry - helps reduce irritation associated with acid useGinseng Root & Aloe Vera - promote visible radiance and soothing benefitsBenefits:Exfoliates the skinRefines skin textureImproves appearance of skin texture, radiance & visible clarityRecommended for oily, combination, normal skin typespH: 3.6Cruelty-free & VeganFormulated without alcohol, oil, silicone, nuts, gluten, parabens, sulfates